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Introducere

În sistemele UNIX accesul la dispozitive precum discuri flexibile, cd-uri, parititii ale unui hard-disc (în general memorii externe) se realizează în mod diferit de sistemele de tip Windows. Nu există volume separate de genul A:, C:, orice astfel de dispozitv este integrat în sistemul de fişiere local printr-o operaţie numită montare. Montarea asociază unui director, intreagul sistem de fişiere aflat pe dispozitivul montat.Mecanismul este deosebit de puternic, deoarece oferă posibilitatea de a avea o structură de directoare unitară, care grupeaza fişiere de pe mai multe partiţii sau discuri. Dacă se adaugă şi sistemul de fişiere NFS (Network File System), aceasta structură de directoare va putea conţine şi sisteme de fişiere de pe alta maşină.

Pentru identificarea dispozitivelor periferice, sistemele UNIX folosesc intrări speciale în directoare, numite "device files". Fisierele speciale care indică unitaţi de disc sau partiţii sunt folosite la montare. În general aceste fişiere se găsesc în directorul /dev/ şi au denumiri standardizate:

fdx
unitatea floppy
hdx
unitati HDD sau CDROM pe IDE
cdromx
unitati cdrom (in general legatura simbolica)
scdx
discuri SCSI sau unitati CDROM emulate SCSI sau pe USB
sdax
unitati de stocare pe USB ( HDD-uri , ZIP-uri , FDD-uri, Card Readere, Flash-uri)
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